Pigmentation
Pigmentation is a discoloration in the skin. The skin produces a substance known as melanin which is in charge of color production for the skin, hair and the iris of the eye. When an excess of melanin is produced, concentrated deposits of darkened areas known as hyperpigmentation or excess pigment are the result. Causes of excess pigmentation can be from sun damage, injury, acne, hormones, inflammation and certain medications. Loss of pigment in the skin is called hypopigmentation. Causes of hypopigmentation can be from blisters, burn or trauma to the skin as well as genetic and autoimmune disorders.
Though it can be known by various names such as melasma or even freckles, hyperpigmentation is most commonly known as liver or age spots. The increased production in the melanin is often the result of sun damage due to excess exposure and lack of sun protection. Large darkened areas due to hormonal changes are referred to as melasma or chloasma. The hormone fluctuations in pregnancy and birth control pills can trigger an increased production of melanin on the face and abdomen.
Treatments ranging from topical creams, microdermabrasion and lasers are available to decrease or even remove hyperpigmentation. Some areas of hyperpigmentation need to be reviewed by a dermatologist to determine if the lesions are benign (non cancerous) before being treated. Discuss your pigmentation issues with your physician or dermatologist. They will be able to help decide which treatment is right for you.
Hypopigmentation can be caused by trauma to the skin, genetic or autoimmune diseases. Blisters, burns, infections or trauma to the skin can often remove color from the affected are. This is usually not permanent and the pigment will often return after a period of healing.
The autoimmune disorder which damages the cells that produce pigment in the skin is called Vitiligo. It can affect one or several areas of the body. There is no cure for Vitiligo; however there are some treatments to minimize its effects such as cover ups, cortisone creams or skin lighteners.
The genetic disorder that causes hypopigmentation is Albinism. This is caused by an abnormal gene that restricts the production of melanin. This disorder can occur in any race. Persons affected with albinism need to wear sunscreen at all times and are more prone to skin cancer.
|
